See ch- on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"ich",
"ich#English"
]
],
"etymology_text": "Reduction of ich.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ich",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "Iche",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "che",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ch",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "'ch-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"17": "",
"18": "",
"19": "",
"2": "pronoun",
"20": "",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "ch-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ch-",
"name": "en-pron"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "chad"
},
{
"word": "cham"
},
{
"word": "chard"
},
{
"word": "chave"
},
{
"word": "chell"
},
{
"word": "chill"
},
{
"word": "chould"
},
{
"word": "chwas"
}
],
"glosses": [
"I; clitic form of ich."
],
"id": "en-ch--en-pron-QX5DWEr9",
"links": [
[
"I",
"I"
],
[
"ich",
"ich#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "attached to following verb",
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, attached to following verb) I; clitic form of ich."
],
"related": [
{
"word": "utchy"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tʃ/"
}
],
"word": "ch-"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*ky-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Sabaki/ki-"
],
[
"*kɪ̀-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Bantu/kɪ̀-"
],
[
"sh-",
"sh-#Ngazidja_Comorian"
],
[
"ch-",
"ch-#Digo"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sw",
"2": "bnt-sab-pro",
"3": "*ki-<alt:*ky->",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Sabaki *ky-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sw",
"2": "bnt-sab-pro",
"3": "*ki-<alt:*ky->"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Sabaki *ky-",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sw",
"2": "bnt-pro",
"3": "*kɪ̀-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Bantu *kɪ̀-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zdj",
"2": "sh-"
},
"expansion": "Ngazidja Comorian sh-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dig",
"2": "ch-"
},
"expansion": "Digo ch-",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Sabaki *ky-, from Proto-Bantu *kɪ̀-. Cognate with Ngazidja Comorian sh- and Digo ch-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vy-",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ki-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sw",
"2": "prefix",
"3": "plural",
"4": "vy-"
},
"expansion": "ch- (plural vy-)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swahili",
"lang_code": "sw",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swahili entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"english": "a room",
"text": "chumba",
"translation": "a room",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
7
]
],
"english": "a good thing",
"text": "kitu chema",
"translation": "a good thing",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"[[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#Ki-vi class|ki class_((VII))]] noun prefix and adjective agreement prefix used before a vowel in certain words"
],
"id": "en-ch--sw-prefix-SS6LwQSQ",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "ch-"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l-self",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "mön-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"patient",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "man-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"patient",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "mon-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"patient",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "möm-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"patient",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "möni-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"patient",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "k-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"patient",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kü-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"patient",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ku-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"patient",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ki-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"patient",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mch",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "ch-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ye'kwana",
"lang_code": "mch",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ye'kwana entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ye'kwana terms in nonstandard scripts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Allomorph of y- (third-person prefix) used for stems that begin with a vowel ö."
],
"id": "en-ch--mch-prefix-yzzMVoNt",
"links": [
[
"y-",
"y-#Ye'kwana:_third-person_prefix"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Ethnos360"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[t͡ʃ-]"
}
],
"word": "ch-"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "chad"
},
{
"word": "cham"
},
{
"word": "chard"
},
{
"word": "chave"
},
{
"word": "chell"
},
{
"word": "chill"
},
{
"word": "chould"
},
{
"word": "chwas"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"ich",
"ich#English"
]
],
"etymology_text": "Reduction of ich.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ich",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "Iche",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "che",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ch",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "'ch-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"17": "",
"18": "",
"19": "",
"2": "pronoun",
"20": "",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "ch-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ch-",
"name": "en-pron"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "pron",
"related": [
{
"word": "utchy"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English pronouns",
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"I; clitic form of ich."
],
"links": [
[
"I",
"I"
],
[
"ich",
"ich#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "attached to following verb",
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, attached to following verb) I; clitic form of ich."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tʃ/"
}
],
"word": "ch-"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*ky-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Sabaki/ki-"
],
[
"*kɪ̀-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Bantu/kɪ̀-"
],
[
"sh-",
"sh-#Ngazidja_Comorian"
],
[
"ch-",
"ch-#Digo"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sw",
"2": "bnt-sab-pro",
"3": "*ki-<alt:*ky->",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Sabaki *ky-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sw",
"2": "bnt-sab-pro",
"3": "*ki-<alt:*ky->"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Sabaki *ky-",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sw",
"2": "bnt-pro",
"3": "*kɪ̀-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Bantu *kɪ̀-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zdj",
"2": "sh-"
},
"expansion": "Ngazidja Comorian sh-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dig",
"2": "ch-"
},
"expansion": "Digo ch-",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Sabaki *ky-, from Proto-Bantu *kɪ̀-. Cognate with Ngazidja Comorian sh- and Digo ch-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vy-",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ki-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sw",
"2": "prefix",
"3": "plural",
"4": "vy-"
},
"expansion": "ch- (plural vy-)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swahili",
"lang_code": "sw",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Swahili entries with incorrect language header",
"Swahili lemmas",
"Swahili prefixes",
"Swahili terms derived from Proto-Bantu",
"Swahili terms derived from Proto-Sabaki",
"Swahili terms inherited from Proto-Bantu",
"Swahili terms inherited from Proto-Sabaki",
"Swahili terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"english": "a room",
"text": "chumba",
"translation": "a room",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
7
]
],
"english": "a good thing",
"text": "kitu chema",
"translation": "a good thing",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"[[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#Ki-vi class|ki class_((VII))]] noun prefix and adjective agreement prefix used before a vowel in certain words"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "ch-"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l-self",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "mön-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"patient",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "man-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"patient",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "mon-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"patient",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "möm-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"patient",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "möni-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"patient",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "k-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"patient",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kü-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"patient",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ku-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"patient",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ki-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"patient",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mch",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "ch-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ye'kwana",
"lang_code": "mch",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Ye'kwana entries with incorrect language header",
"Ye'kwana lemmas",
"Ye'kwana prefixes",
"Ye'kwana terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Ye'kwana terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"Allomorph of y- (third-person prefix) used for stems that begin with a vowel ö."
],
"links": [
[
"y-",
"y-#Ye'kwana:_third-person_prefix"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Ethnos360"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[t͡ʃ-]"
}
],
"word": "ch-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ch- meaning in All languages combined (5.3kB)
{
"called_from": "page/1412",
"msg": "gloss may contain unhandled list items: [[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#Ki-vi class|ki class_((VII))]] noun prefix and adjective agreement prefix used before a vowel in certain words",
"path": [
"ch-"
],
"section": "Swahili",
"subsection": "prefix",
"title": "ch-",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </div>",
"path": [
"ch-"
],
"section": "Ye'kwana",
"subsection": "prefix",
"title": "ch-",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: '1st person > 2nd person'",
"path": [
"ch-"
],
"section": "Ye'kwana",
"subsection": "prefix",
"title": "ch-",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: '1st person dual exclusive > 2nd person'",
"path": [
"ch-"
],
"section": "Ye'kwana",
"subsection": "prefix",
"title": "ch-",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: '2nd person > 1st person'",
"path": [
"ch-"
],
"section": "Ye'kwana",
"subsection": "prefix",
"title": "ch-",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: '2nd person > 1st person dual exclusive'",
"path": [
"ch-"
],
"section": "Ye'kwana",
"subsection": "prefix",
"title": "ch-",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: '3rd person > any person X …or… any person X > 3rd person'",
"path": [
"ch-"
],
"section": "Ye'kwana",
"subsection": "prefix",
"title": "ch-",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/20250114",
"msg": "Negatively nested table braces, couldn't split inflection section, ch-/Ye'kwana section inflection",
"path": [
"ch-"
],
"section": "Ye'kwana",
"subsection": "prefix",
"title": "ch-",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.